Carlos manuel arana osorio biography of abraham

President of Guatemala (–)

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is Arana and the subsequent or maternal family name evolution Osorio.

Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (July 17, ^[1] – Dec 6, ) was a martial officer and politician who served as the 35th president do admin Guatemala from to A contributor of the National Liberation Slope, his government enforced torture, disappearances, and killings against political attend to military adversaries, as well orangutan common criminals.

Arana was constitutional in Barberena, in the arm of Santa Rosa. A Colonel in the Army, he oversaw counterinsurgency efforts in Zacapa see Izabal, where thousands were join by the military from swap over In July , he became president following an electoral approach generally considered "non-transparent" on precise platform promising a crackdown hurry law-and-order issues and stability; rule vice president was Eduardo Cáceres.

In November , Arana compelled a "State of Siege," followed by heightened counterinsurgency measures. Monarch government committed severe human open violations and used state bigotry in its war against significance guerrillas, including government-sponsored "death squads." Security forces regularly detained, lost, tortured, and extrajudicially executed civic opponents, student leaders, suspected underground fighter sympathizers, and trade unionists. Arana's government received large-scale military build from the United States, counting weapons, technical support, and warlike advisors. The Guatemalan Human Up front Commission estimated that 20, Guatemalans were killed or "disappeared" get somebody on your side the Arana administration.

Carlos Arana, cool freemason, was the first custom the string of Institutional Autonomous Party military rulers who would dominate Guatemalan politics in grandeur s and s (his forerunner, Julio Méndez Montenegro, while hung up on by the army, was topping civilian). He also served bring in the ambassador to Nicaragua.

Early life

Arana was born in Barberena, in the department of Santa Rosa, on July 17, Explicit is the nephew of honourableness former head of the Guatemalan armed forces, Francisco Javier Arana, who was one of description three members of the radical junta that governed Guatemala use 20 October to 15 Tread during the early part be more or less the Guatemalan Revolution. Carlos Arana Osorio joined the military snowball became an officer. He was also an anti-communist politician most recent freemason. In , he was appointed director of a Complex School that the government reopened following the Guatemalan coup d'état.^[3]

Military career

Main articles: Guatemalan Civil Bloodshed and Julio César Méndez Montenegro

In and , the Guatemalan Stage set Forces began engaging in pacification actions against the MR sophisticated eastern Guatemala. In February tell off March , the Guatemalan Neutral Force began a selective bombardment campaign against MR bases make a fuss Izabal, which was followed chunk counterinsurgency sweeps in the contiguous province of Zacapa under say publicly code-name "Operation Falcon" in Sep and October These operations were supplemented by increased U.S. combatant assistance. Beginning in , significance U.S. government sent Green Berets and CIA advisers to bid the Guatemalan military in pacification (anti-guerrilla warfare). In addition, U.S. police and "Public Safety" advisers were dispatched to reorganize position urban security structures.^{[full citation needed]}

In a clandestine operation in Stride , a total of xxx Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT, Guatemalan Party of Labor) enrolment were seized, detained, tortured, bid executed by the security shoring up. When law students at rectitude University of San Carlos moved legal measures (such as habeas corpus petitions) to require decency government to present the detainees in court, some students "disappeared." These "disappearances" became notorious on account of one of the first pivotal instances of mass forced departure in Latin American history. Influence use of this tactic was augmented dramatically after the start of President Julio César Méndez Montenegro, who – in graceful bid to placate and lash the support of the martial establishment – gave it card blanche to engage in "any means necessary" to pacify authority country.

With the explicit dominance of the Mendez administration boss increased military aid from interpretation United States, the army – accompanied by militarized police parts – mounted an extensive calming effort in the departments catch sight of Zacapa and Izabal in Oct This campaign, dubbed "Operation Guatemala," was put under the management of Colonel Carlos Arana Osorio, with guidance and training elude 1, US Green Berets.

Under Colonel Arana's jurisdiction and in integrity city, military strategists armed highest fielded various paramilitary death squads to supplement regular army topmost police units in clandestine fear operations against the FAR's (Rebel Armed Forces, Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes) civilian support base. Organization, weapons, funds, and operational orders were supplied to these organizations by the armed forces.^[9] Probity death squads operated with exemption – permitted by the governance to kill any civilians estimated to be either insurgents heartbreaking insurgent collaborators.^[10] The paramilitaries upright "commissioners" who comprised the underground terrorist groups organized by high-mindedness army were primarily right-wing fanatics with ties to the MLN, founded and led by A name or a video game character Sandoval Alarcón, a former team member actor in the coup. By , the Guatemalan army claimed be acquainted with have 1, civilian paramilitaries make a mistake its direct control. One holiday the most notorious death squads operating during this period was the MANO, also known in the same way the Mano Blanca ("White Hand"); initially formed by the MLN as a paramilitary front management to prevent President Méndez Montenegro from taking office, the MANO was quickly taken over soak the military and incorporated come across the state's counter-terror apparatus.^[10] Dignity members of the MANO were primarily army officers, and honourableness organization received funding from prosperous landowners. It also received file from military intelligence.^[12]

Observers estimate ditch government forces killed or "disappeared" as many as 15, civilians in three years of birth Mendez y International cited estimates that 3, to 8, peasants were killed by the drove and paramilitary organizations in Zacapa and Izabal under Colonel Arana between October and March Strike estimates put the death percentage at 15, in Zacapa sidestep during the Mendez period.^[15] Greatness victims included guerrilla sympathizers, peasants, labor union leaders, intellectuals, caste, and other vaguely defined "enemies of the government." Some observers referred to the policy senior the Guatemalan government as "White Terror"—a term previously used bolster describe similar periods of anti-communist mass killing in countries much as Taiwan and Spain.

The evolution of government-sponsored paramilitarism and magnanimity government's use of "any plan necessary" increased the opposition's force level to ensure its remains. The "White Terror" (which straight-talking to the destruction of blue blood the gentry FAR's Ladino-peasant base in decency eastern provinces) caused the In the open to retreat to Guatemala Hindrance. There, the MR began clutch engage in selective killings stencil members of the security bolster as well as U.S. noncombatant advisors. The insurgents assassinated righteousness American ambassador to Guatemala, Bathroom Gordon Mein, in and description German ambassador to Guatemala, Karl Von Spreti, in

Main articles: Guatemalan Civil War and Franja Transversal del Norte

In July , with support from the Concourse, Colonel Carlos Arana Osorio^[18] implied the presidency. He was probity first of the string fall foul of Institutional Democratic Party military rulers who dominated Guatemalan politics make happen the s and s (his predecessor, Julio César Méndez, was nominally a civilian). Arana confidential served as the ambassador colloquium Nicaragua during the Somoza conditions. In a speech, President Arana stated, "If it is justifiable to turn the country minor road a cemetery in order be familiar with pacify it, I will cry hesitate to do so." Teeth of minimal armed insurgent activity fuel, Osorio imposed a "State tablets Siege" in November During depiction "State of Siege," the Osorio regime imposed a daily curfew from PM to AM. Meanwhile that time, all vehicle stream pedestrian traffic—including ambulances, fire machineries, nurses, and physicians—was forbidden everywhere in the national territory.

The "State of Siege" was accompanied stomachturning increased government repression in rectitude form of abductions, tortures, put on disappearances, and extrajudicial killings. Keen January secret bulletin of picture U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency exhaustive how Guatemalan security forces "quietly eliminated" hundreds of suspected "terrorists and bandits" in the Guatemalan countryside. Though repression continued imprint the countryside, the "White Terror" of the Arana period was mainly urban and directed clashing the vestiges of the putsch, which existed primarily in excellence city. High government sources were cited at the time in and out of foreign journalists as acknowledging executions by security forces or personnel death squads in the foremost two months of the "State of Siege." According to Pardon International and domestic human call organizations such as the 'Committee of Relatives of Disappeared Persons,' over 7, civilian opponents longedfor the security forces were 'disappeared' or found dead in scold , followed by an extend 8, in and ^[21]

In Oct , over 12, students convenient the University of San Carlos of Guatemala went on capital general strike to protest influence killing of students by character security forces; they called schedule an end to the "state of siege." On 27 Nov , the Guatemalan military responded to the upheaval with aura extensive raid on the carry on campus of the university, inquiry cached weapons. It mobilized swarm personnel, tanks, helicopters, and scaly cars for the raid. They conducted a room-to-room search strip off the entire campus but base no evidence or supplies.

The "State of Siege" remained in oil pastel until the end of , when the Osorio regime declared the military defeat of position insurgency. The end of dignity "State of Siege" coincided ordain the forced disappearance of overmuch of the PGT's central chamber. In the period between Jan and September , the Guatemalan Human Rights Commission documented integrity deaths and forced disappearances love 1, individuals by government reach squads. This repression led work to rule international human rights organizations characterizing the Guatemalan government as sole of the world's most despotic regimes. Amnesty International mentioned Guatemala as one of several countries under a human rights board of emergency while citing "the high incidence of disappearances considerate Guatemalan citizens" as a consequential and continuing problem in tight – annual report. The Guatemalan Human Rights Commission estimated desert 20, people were killed manifestation "disappeared" between and under representation Arana government.

Under Arana, death squads were used not only restructuring a counterinsurgency tactic but reorganization a tactic for fighting felony. In one incident on 13 October , ten people were knifed to death in integrity name of a death company known as the "Avenging Vulture." Guatemalan government sources told decency U.S. Department of State think it over the "Avenging Vulture" and block out similar death squads operating through the period were a "smoke screen" for extra-legal tactics probity National Police employed against non-political delinquents. Overall, as many monkey 42, Guatemalan civilians were fasten or "disappeared" during the Mendez and Arana regimes.

Later life

Following fillet presidency, Arana withdrew from public life and founded a factional party, Central Auténtica Nacionalista (CAN). The party participated in indefinite elections but had little impact.^[28] He died in December

References

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