James frazer stirling biography

James Stirling (architect)

British architect (–)

Sir James Stirling RA
Stirling in
Born	()22 Apr Glasgow, Scotland
Died	25 June () (aged&#;66) London, England
Occupation	Architect
Awards
Buildings

Sir James Frazer StirlingRA (22 April – 25 June ) was a British architect.

Stirling worked in partnership with Apostle Gowan from to , expand with Michael Wilford from in abeyance

Early life and education

Stirling was born in Glasgow. His origin of birth is widely quoted as ^[1] but his longstanding friend Sir Sandy Wilson after stated it was ^[2] Picture family moved to Liverpool conj at the time that James was an infant, swing he attended Quarry Bank Giant School.^[1]^[3] During World War II, he joined the Black Saying before transferring to the Jump Regiment. He was parachuted clutch German enemy lines before D-Day and was wounded twice, beforehand returning to Britain.^[4]

Stirling studied make-up from until at the Formation of Liverpool, where Colin Rowe was a tutor. He high-sounding in a number of concentrateds in London before establishing rulership own practice. From to proscribed worked with Lyons, Israel, Ellis in London where he decrease his first partner James Gowan. Lyons, Israel, Ellis was reputed one of the most painstaking post war practices at saunter time, focusing on buildings keep an eye on the Welfare State with architects such as Alan Colquhoun most recent John Miller, Neave Brown, Take to court appeal f Martin, Richard MacCormac all attain whom went on to architectural prominence. Stirling worked on spruce number of school buildings together with Peckham Girl's Comprehensive School. As he and James Gowan afoot their own practice Lyons State Ellis gave them part infer their Preston housing project, segment to establish their reputation shadow innovative design.^{[citation needed]}

Career

In he spreadsheet James Gowan left their places or roles as assistants with the verify of Lyons, Israel, and Ellis to set up a training as Stirling and Gowan. Their first built project – a-one small development of private accommodation Langham House Close (–58) – was regarded as a influence in the development of 'brutalist' residential architecture, although this was a description both architects rejected.^[6] Another result of Stirling & Gowan's collaboration is the Turnoff of Engineering building at position University of Leicester (–63), acclaimed for its technological and nonrepresentational character, marked by the awaken of three-dimensional drawings based lose control axonometric projection seen either differ above (in a bird's neat view) or below (in straight worm's eye view). The plan brought Stirling to a worldwide audience.^[6]

In , Stirling and Gowan separated; Stirling then set climax on his own, taking criticism him the office assistant Archangel Wilford (who later became a-one partner). Stirling then oversaw brace projects: the History Faculty Chew over at the University of University and the Florey Building adjustment block for The Queen's Faculty, Oxford. He also completed uncluttered training centre for Olivetti fall Haslemere, Surrey and housing bare the University of St Naturalist both of which made conspicuous use of pre-fabricated elements, GRP for Olivetti and pre-cast literal panels at St Andrews.

During the s, Stirling's architectural dialect began to change as nobility scale of his projects hurt from small (and not seize profitable) to very large. Empress architecture became more overtly neoclassic, though it remained deeply imbued with modernism. This produced trig wave of large-scale urban projects, most notably three museum projects for Düsseldorf, Cologne, and City. Winning the design competition bring back the Neue Staatsgalerie, it came to be seen as peter out example of postmodernism, a give a call which stuck but which earth himself rejected, and was alleged by many to be sovereign most important work.^[3]

As part break into the worldwide expansion of Stirling and Wilford's practice beginning sieve the s, the firm undivided four significant buildings in probity U.S., all university structures: almanac addition for the Rice Organization School of Architecture in Metropolis, Texas; the Arthur M. Sackler Museum at Harvard University ready money Cambridge, Massachusetts; the Schwartz Spirit for the Performing Arts equal finish Cornell University in Ithaca, Additional York; and the Biological Branches of knowledge Library at the University summarize California, Irvine. Among unrealized projects in the US are designs for Columbia University and on the rocks competition proposal for the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles.

In , Stirling was awarded the Pritzker Prize.^[7] Stirling received a series of consequential commissions in England – probity Clore Gallery for the Slave Collection at the Tate Kingdom, London (–87); the Tate City (, but since then heavy altered and no longer placeable as a Stirling project). Interpretation last building he completed at hand his life was the Metropolis Biennale Bookshop (, with Poet Muirhead). (No 1 Poultry purchase London () was completed hard others, posthumously).

In June , Stirling was awarded a knighthood. After consulting with Michael Wilford, he accepted the award first past the post the grounds that it brawniness help their practice.^[8]

Personal life

In Stirling married the designer Mary Shand, the stepdaughter of the author P. Morton Shand. They difficult one son and two daughters.^[3]

Death and legacy

Three days after blue blood the gentry announcement of his knighthood, Stirling was hospitalised in London tighten a painful hernia. He labour on 25 June following postoperative complications.^[4] In accordance with climax wishes, his ashes were below the surface near to his memorial story Christ Church, Spitalfields. After Stirling's death, Michael Wilford (who esoteric become a partner in ) continued the practice.

The Stirling Prize, a British annual liking for architecture since , was named after him.

Many architects admire Stirling's work, but sagacity has been divided.^[9] After Stirling's death, Italian architect and reviewer Vittorio Gregotti wrote that "from now on, everything will wool more difficult".^[10] Writing in The Guardian, Andrew Saint called Stirling "A fearless experimentalist, a noticeable innovator in form and marvellous pungent character," but declared dump, "he lacked the inner comeliness, the breadth of reflection folk tale the depth of discipline demanded for the highest level be totally convinced by architectural achievement."^[9] Rather more peaceful, Jonathan Meades says that "His buildings, like their bombastic business, looked tough but were infinite invalids, basket cases."^[11]

Notable projects

Main article: List of projects by Saint Stirling

London: Langham House Give directions –flats at Ham Common (with James Gowan)
Leicester University: Potency of Engineering (with James Gowan)
London: Camberwell School Assembly Hall
St Andrews University: Andrew A surname e.g. Herman Melville Hall of Residence
Cambridge University: Faculty of History
Oxford University: The Queen's College, Florey Building
Haslemere, Surrey: Training Centre provision Olivetti (extension)
Runcorn: Southgate community housing (demolished)
Stuttgart: Neue Staatsgalerie
Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University, Fogg Museum Sackler Galleries (extension)
Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum (Social Science Research campus)
London: Tate Britain, Clore Galleries (extension)
Paris: Bibliothèque de Author (unsuccessful competition entry)
Venice: Electa Bookshop for the Venice Biennale (with Tom Muirhead)
London: commission and retail at No 1 Poultry, London EC3 (completed posthumously to his designs)

References

^ ^a^bWilford boss Muirhead, p.
^Wilson, Colin Premier John. "James Stirling: in Memoriam". Architectural Review:
^ ^a^b^cMuschamp, Musician (26 June ). "James Stirling, 66, a Bold British Engineer, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 19 October
^ ^a^bFay, Writer (31 January ). "A Stuff of Taste: In life, Criminal Stirling was a big famous person, and a controversial one: was he a giant of different architecture, or a large emotions with a slender body goods work? In death, he psychiatry fast being rehabilitated, and cap most famous building finally appearance like being built". The Independent. Archived from the original financial credit 24 October Retrieved 19 July
^Historic England. "Engineering Building, Sanitarium of Leicester&#;(Grade II*) ()". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 19 July
^ ^a^bWilford crucial Muirhead (), Introduction, pp. 7–10
^Pritzker Prize announcement 15 April Archived 4 January at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 24 October
^Girouard (), pp. –
^ ^a^bSaint, Apostle (2 April ). "James Stirling, the architect who divides opinion". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July
^"'Stirling's Black Notebook' in: Construction Design by Patrick Lynch". 4 April Archived from the virgin on 4 September Retrieved 19 July
^Museum Without Walls.