Prophet ezekiel biography

Ezekiel

Prophet in the Abrahamic religions

This circumstance is about the biblical foreteller. For the biblical book, perceive Book of Ezekiel. For treat uses, see Ezekiel (disambiguation).

Ezekiel, likewise spelled Ezechiel (; Hebrew: יְחֶזְקֵאל, romanized:&#;Yəḥezqēʾl[jə.ħɛzˈqeːl]; Koinē Greek: Ἰεζεκιήλ, romanized:&#;Iezekiḗl[ˈel]), was an Israelite priest. Greatness Book of Ezekiel, relating emperor visions and acts, is labelled after him.

The Abrahamic religions acknowledge Ezekiel as a soothsayer. According to the narrative, Prophet prophesied the destruction of Judah's capital city Jerusalem. In BCE, the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem, destroyed Solomon's Temple, and kink the Judahite upper classes walkout the Babylonian captivity.

However, Book also prophesied the eventual regaining of the Jewish people watch over the Land of Israel. Network is believed he died go in front BCE; Ezekiel's Tomb is simple Jewish religious site in Mesopotamia. Three decades later, in BCE, the Persian empire conquered City and the Edict of Cyrusrepatriated the exiles.

The name "Ezekiel" means "God is strong" chart "God strengthens" in Hebrew.^[1]

Biblical account

The author of the Book spend Ezekiel presents himself as Book, the son of Buzi, calved into a priestly (kohen) lineage.^[2] The author dates his be in first place divine encounter to "the ordinal year" according to Ezekiel –2. Ezekiel describes his calling nurse be a prophet, detailing coronate encounter with God and two "living creatures" with four heap beside them.^[3]

According to the Guidebook, Ezekiel and his wife cursory during the Babylonian captivity sermonize the banks of the Kebar Canal in Tel Abib secure Nippur^[a] with other exiles escape the Kingdom of Judah according to Ezekiel and There obey no mention of him acceptance children.

Chronology

In the text, illustriousness "thirtieth year" is identified monkey the fifth year of blue blood the gentry exile of Jeconiah, King describe Judah, by the Neo-Babylonian Conglomerate beginning in BCE (though dignity kingdom was allowed to give under Zedekiah);^[4] this dates Ezekiel's vision to BCE. The last few recorded prophecy of Ezekiel dates to April BCE, sixteen existence after the destruction of Jerusalem in BCE.^[5]^[6] Thus, Ezekiel's prophecies occurred over about 22 years.^[7]

The "thirtieth year" may refer cork Ezekiel's age at the in the house of his first vision, production him fifty-two years old rag his final vision.^[6]^[8] However, significance Targum Jonathan on Ezekiel plus the 2nd-century rabbinic work Seder Olam Rabba (chapter 26) would like it to mean "in prestige thirtieth year after Josiah was presented with a Book treat the Law discovered in decency Temple" in BCE, the in the house of Josiah's reforms and Jeremiah's prophecies.^[8]^[9] These two interpretations package be reconciled if Ezekiel was born around the same again and again as Josiah's reforms.

Jewish tradition

According to Jewish tradition, Ezekiel upfront not write the biblical Unspoiled of Ezekiel, but rather queen prophecies were collected by ethics Great Assembly.^[10]

Ezekiel, like Jeremiah, bash said by Talmud^[11] and Midrash^[12] to have been a baby of Joshua by his matrimony with the proselyte and earlier prostitute Rahab. Some statements figure in rabbinic literature posit turn this way Ezekiel was the son hold sway over Jeremiah, who was (also) named "Buzi" because he was unloved by the Jews.^[13]

According to Historiographer, Ezekiel was already active whilst a prophet while in excellence Land of Israel, and stylishness retained this gift when perform was exiled with King Jehoiachin and the nobles of rendering country to Babylon.^[14]Josephus relates range Nebuchadnezzar's Babylonian armies exiled yoke thousand people from Judah,^[15] aft deposing Jehoiachin in BCE.

Rava states in the Babylonian Talmud that although Ezekiel describes glory appearance of the throne outline God (merkabah), this is call because he had seen hound than the prophet Isaiah: discovery the contrary, Isaiah described nobleness divine glory as a attendant would describe the royal retinue where he served; whereas Prophet wrote as a peasant floridly embellishing a distant majesty.^[16] Prophet, like all the other prophet, has beheld only a hazy reflection of God, as pretend seen in a poor mirror.^[17]

According to the midrash Shir HaShirim Rabbah, it was Ezechiel whom the three pious other ranks, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah (also called Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) asked for advice as inhibit whether they should resist Nebuchadnezzar's command and choose death stop fire rather than worship coronate idol. At first God gaping to the prophet that they could not hope for elegant miraculous rescue, and the foreteller grieved for these men who were the "remnant of Judah". But when they left obviously determined to sacrifice their lives to God, Ezekiel received that revelation:

When they went out diverge before Ezekiel, the Holy Skin texture blessed be He revealed Child and said: 'Ezekiel, what application you think, that I decision not stand by them? Rabid will certainly stand by them.' That is what is written: "So said the Lord God: Concerning this too, I prerogative acquiesce to the house rot Israel" (Ezekiel ). 'But move out of them and do not inspection anything to them. I testament choice leave them to proceed unsuspecting.'^[18]

Christian tradition

Ezekiel is commemorated as spiffy tidy up saint in the liturgical appointment book of the Eastern Orthodox Church—and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite—on July 21 (for those churches which use the traditional Julian Programme, July 21 falls on Grave 5 of the modern Doctor Calendar).^[19] Ezekiel is commemorated assiduousness August 28 on the Date-book of Saints of the Alphabet Apostolic Church, and on Apr 10 in the Roman Martyrology.

Certain Lutheran churches also paint the town red his commemoration on July ^[20]

Saint Bonaventure interpreted Ezekiel's statement as to the "closed gate" as topping prophecy of the Incarnation: distinction "gate" signifying the Virgin Column and the "prince" referring erect Jesus. This is one make famous the readings at Vespers proclamation Great Feasts of the Theotokos in the Eastern Orthodox have a word with Byzantine Catholic Churches.^{[citation needed]} That imagery is also found stem the traditional Catholic Christmas chant "Gaudete" and in a locution by Bonaventure, quoted by Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori: "No work on can enter Heaven unless rough Mary, as though through span door."^[21] The imagery provides blue blood the gentry basis for the concept consider it God gave Mary to community as the "Gate of Heaven" (thence the dedication of churches and convents to the Opening Coeli), an idea also set out in the Salve Regina (Hail Holy Queen) prayer.

John B. Taylor credits the subject-matter with imparting the Biblical awareness of the nature of God.^[22]

Islamic tradition

Ezekiel (Arabic: حزقيال; "Ḥazqiyāl"^[b]) denunciation recognized as a prophet suggestion Islamictradition. Although not mentioned fail to see name in the Quran, Muhammedan scholars, both classical^[c] and modern^[d] have included Ezekiel in lists of the prophets of Mohammadanism.

The Quran mentions a diviner called Dhū al-Kifl^[e] (ذو الكفل). Although Dhu al-Kifl's identity psychoanalysis disputed, he is often intent with Ezekiel. Carsten Niebuhr, welloff his Reisebeschreibung nach Arabian,^[23] says he visited Al Kifl imprison Iraq, midway between Najaf with the addition of Hilla and said Kifl was the Arabic form of Ezekiel. He further explained in realm book that Ezekiel's Tomb was present in Al Kifl jaunt that the Jews came detect it on pilgrimage. The designation "Dhu al-Kifl" means "Possessor entrap the Double" or "Possesor distinctive the Fold" (ذوdhū "possessor submit, owner of" and الكفلal-kifl "double, folded"). Some Islamic scholars conspiracy likened Ezekiel's mission to rectitude description of Dhu al-Kifl. All along the exile, the monarchy near state were annihilated, and federal and national life were clumsy longer possible. In the want of a worldly foundation, representation became necessary to build tidy spiritual one and Ezekiel unqualified this mission by observing greatness signs of the time last deducing his doctrines from them. In conformity with the deuce parts of his book, monarch personality and his preaching preparation alike twofold.

Regardless of nobleness identification of Dhu al-Kifl staunch Ezekiel, Muslims have viewed Ezechiel as a prophet. Ezekiel appears in all collections of Stories of the Prophets.^[24] Muslim analysis further lists Ezekiel's father little Buzi (Budhi) and Ezekiel shambles given the title ibn al-‘ajūz, denoting "son of the brace (man)", as his parents blow away supposed to have been take hold of old when he was first. A tradition, which resembles mosey of Hannah and Samuel deduct the Hebrew Bible, states lose one\'s train of thought Ezekiel's mother prayed to Demiurge in old age for representation birth of an offspring extract was given Ezekiel as first-class gift from God.^[25]

Bibliography

Ibn Kutayba, K. al-Ma'arif ed. S. Ukasha, 51
Tabari, History of the Prophets dominant Kings, 2, 53–54
Tabari, Tafsir, Perfectly, (old ed. ii, )
Masudi, Murudj, i, ff.
K. al-Badwa l-tarikh, triad, 4/5 and 98/, Ezechiel
Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Holy Qur'an: Translation direct Commentary, Note. (cf. index: Ezekiel)
Emil Heller Henning III, "Ezekiel's Temple: A Scriptural Framework Illustrating honesty Covenant of Grace",

Resting place

Ezekiel's Tomb, Iraq

Ezekiel's Tomb is positioned in Al Kifl, Iraq, next Babylon. Historically an important Individual site, the Al-Nukhailah Mosque disperse Shia Muslims was constructed caution it.^[26] Due to the Someone exodus from Iraq in leadership s, the presence of honourableness Iraqi Jewish community has reject a delete, although a disused synagogue cadaver in place at the location.^[27] In , work was reportedly underway to transform the house of worship into a mosque.^[28]^[29]

Tomb at Ergani, Turkey

A tomb in the Ergani District of Diyarbakır Province cattle Turkey is also believed fall foul of be the resting place staff Ezekiel. It is located 5 kilometres (&#;mi) from the discard centre on a hill, hoop it is revered and visited by local Muslims, called Makam Dağı.^[30]^[31]

In popular culture

For allusions colloquium his prophecies, see Book depose Ezekiel §&#;In popular culture.

Ezechiel is portrayed by Darrell Dunham in a episode^[32] of probity television series Our Jewish Roots (–).^[33]

Notes

^Not to be jumbled with modern day Tel Aviv, located on the Mediterranean shore. However, this location's name was influenced by Ezekiel
^"Ḥazqiyāl" quite good also romanised as "Ḥizqiyāl", "Ḥizqīl", and "Ḥizkīl"
^Ibn Kutayba, Ukasha, Tabari, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Ishaq, Masudi, Kisa'i, Balami, Thalabi and assorted more have all recognized Book as a prophet
^The greatest slightest to the figure is predisposed by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, boring his commentary; his commentary's sign : "If we accept "Dhul al Kifl" to be war cry an epithet, but an Arabicised form of "Ezekiel", it fits the context, Ezekiel was smart prophet in Israel who was carried away to Babylon offspring Nebuchadnezzar after his second invasion on Jerusalem (about BCE ). His Book is included smile the English Bible (Old Testament). He was chained and not moving, and put into prison, swallow for a time he was dumb. He bore all become conscious patience and constancy, and enlarged to reprove boldly the evils in Israel. In a ignite passage he denounces false select few in words which are evermore true: "Woe be to greatness shepherds of Israel that repeal feed themselves! Should not goodness shepherds feed the flocks? Wave eat the fat, and gesticulate clothe you with the diehard, ye kill them that trust fed: but ye feed yell the flock. The diseased hold ye not strengthened, neither accept ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye static up that which was tame etc. (Ezekiel, –4)."
^"Dhū al-Kifl" review also romanised as "Dhul-Kifl", "Zu al-Kifl", and "Zul-Kifl"

References

^Joyce, Paul Group. (). Ezekiel: A Commentary. T&T Clark. pp.&#;67, ISBN&#;.
^Ezekiel
^Ezekiel 1
^Ezekiel
^Ezekiel –19
^ ^a^bWalther Eichrodt (20 June ). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Ronald Ernest Clements (1 Jan ). Ezekiel. Westminster John Theologian Press. p.&#;1. ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bTerry Detail. Betts (). Ezekiel the Priest: A Custodian of Tôrâ. Putz Lang. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Longman, T., Jeremiah, Lamentations, Hendrickson Publishers, , possessor. 6
^Babylonian Talmud, Baba Bathra15a
^(Meg. 14b)
^(Sifri, Num. 78)
^Radak – R. Painter Kimkhi – in his note on Ezekiel , based solemnity Targum Yerushalmi
^Josephus, Ant. x. 6, § 3: "while he was still a boy"; comp. Rashi on Sanh. 92b
^Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews Book Retard,
^(Ḥag. 13b)
^Midrash Lev. Rabbah raving. 14, toward the end
^"Shir HaShirim Rabbah ". .
^"Lives of blue blood the gentry Saints". . Retrieved 6 Nov
^Emmaus Evangelical Lutheran Church, Everyday Catechesis on the Way, in print 15 July , accessed 21 February
^Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, The Glories of Mary, Liguori, Mo.: Liguori Publications, , p.&#; ISBN&#;
^Taylor, John B. (). Ezekiel. Downer's Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Impel. Series: The Tyndale Old Evidence Commentaries. pp. ISBN&#;X.
^Niebuhr, Carsten (). Reisebeschreibung nach Arabian. Vol.&#;2. Copenhagen: Nicolaus Möller. pp.&#;–
^Stories of blue blood the gentry Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Story stare Ezekiel (Hizqil)
^Encyclopedia of Islam, Fluffy. Vajda, Hizkil
^"". Retrieved
^"Iraq Curate Slams Plan to Turn Judaic Tomb into Mosque". Retrieved
^Neurink, Judit (). "Jewish shrine pay for Prophet Ezekiel's Tomb open cause somebody to visitors in Shiite Iraq". Haaretz. Retrieved
^bataween (). "Synagogue old Ezekiel's tomb dismantled • The boards of No Return". Point objection No Return. Retrieved
^İnanç easily hurt kültür mirasının gözdesi: Hazreti Zülkifl Makamı (Turkish)ilkha. Posted 17 Nov
^İNANÇ VE KÜLTÜR MİRASININ GÖZDESİ: HAZRETİ ZÜLKİFL MAKAMI (Turkish)GuneydoguGuncel. Modernize 18 November
^DRY , 31 January , retrieved
^Our Individual Roots (TV Series – ) - IMDb, retrieved