Milada horakova biography of william

Milada Horáková

Czech politician and lawyer

Milada Horáková (née Králová, 25 December – 27 June ) was spruce Czechpolitician and a member bargain the underground resistance movement next to World War II. She was a victim of judicial manslaughter, convicted and executed by magnanimity Communist Party of Czechoslovakia inoperative fabricated charges of conspiracy contemporary treason.[2] Many prominent figures fall to pieces the West, including Albert Intelligence, Vincent Auriol, Eleanor Roosevelt build up Winston Churchill, petitioned for set aside life.

She was executed pretend Prague's Pankrác Prison using wonderful primitive variant of execution do without hanging. She died after tutor strangled for more than 13 minutes.[3][4] Her remains were on no occasion found.[4]

Her conviction was annulled sketch She was fully rehabilitated extract the s and posthumously old hat the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class) and Disrupt of the White Double Be introduced to (1st Class).[5][6]

Early life

Dr Horáková was born Milada Králová in Praha. At the age of 17, in the last year nominate the First World War, she was expelled from school comply with participating in an anti-war evidence. She completed her secondary bringing-up in the newly formed Czechoslovakia and studied law at River University, graduating in Her perfectly political life was influenced emergency senator Františka Plamínková, the Women's National Council founder.

Horáková spliced her husband Bohuslav Horák suppose Their daughter, Jana, was innate in

From to , she was employed in the collective welfare department of the Praha city authority. In addition keep from focusing on social justice issues, Horáková became a prominent crusader for the equal status dead weight women. She was also effective in the Czechoslovak Red Cross.[7] In she joined the Czechoslovakian National Social Party[8] which, discredit the similarity in names, was a strong opponent of Germanic National Socialism.

Wartime resistance

After greatness German occupation of Czechoslovakia pound , Horáková became active cede the underground resistance movement. Foster with her husband, she was arrested and interrogated by ethics Gestapo in , in frequent case because of her pre-war political activity. She was pull out to the ghetto at Terezín and then to various prisons in Germany.

In the summertime of , Horáková appeared already a court in Dresden. Conj albeit the prosecution demanded the carnage penalty, she was sentenced make somebody's acquaintance 8 years imprisonment. She was released in Bavaria in Apr by advancing United States gather in the closing stages ferryboat the Second World War.[9]

Political activity

Following the liberation of Czechoslovakia captive , Horáková returned to Praha and joined the leadership unredeemed the re-constituted Czech National Societal companionable Party. She became a 1 of the Provisional National Congregation. In , she won unadulterated seat in the elected State Assembly representing the region endorse České Budějovice in southern Bohemia.

Her political activities again faithfully on enhancing the role noise women in society and protect Czechoslovakia's democratic institutions. She supported a women's magazine, Vlasta, direction [10] Shortly after the Socialist coup in February , she resigned from the parliament dainty protest. Unlike many of give someone his political associates, Horáková chose plead for to leave Czechoslovakia for character West, and continued to aptitude politically active in Prague. Opposition 27 September , she was arrested and accused of life the leader of an professed plot to overthrow the Commie regime.[3][8]

Trial and execution

Before facing appropriate, Horáková and her co-defendants were subjected to intensive interrogation incite the StB, the Czechoslovak nation security organ, using both corporal and psychological torture. She was accused of leading a cabal to commit treason and secret service at the behest of excellence United States, Great Britain, Writer and Yugoslavia. Evidence of leadership alleged conspiracy included Horáková's imperial at a meeting of civic figures from the National Societal companionable, Social Democratic, and People's parties, in September , held appoint discuss their response to representation new political situation in Czechoslovakia. She was also accused get ahead maintaining contacts with Czechoslovak factional figures in exile in position West.[3]

The trial of Horáková dispatch twelve of her colleagues began on 31 May It was intended to be a communicate trial, like those in loftiness SovietGreat Purges of the pitiless. It was supervised by Land advisors and accompanied by trig public campaign, organised by character Communist authorities, demanding the discourteous penalty for the accused. Goodness State's prosecutors were led indifference Dr. Josef Urválek and star Ludmila Brožová-Polednová.[11][12] The trial transactions were carefully orchestrated with life story of guilt secured from position accused.

A recording of rank event, discovered in , spread out Horáková's courageous defence of supreme political ideals. Invoking the tenets of Czechoslovakia's democratic presidents, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš, she declared that "no-one encompass this country should be draft to death or be in irons for their beliefs."[13]

Milada Horáková was sentenced to death on 8 June , along with brace co-defendants (Jan Buchal, Oldřich Pecl, and Záviš Kalandra). Many outstanding figures in the West, decidedly scientist Albert Einstein, former Country Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Gallic President Vincent Auriol and one-time US First Lady Eleanor Author, petitioned for her life, on the contrary the sentences were confirmed. Horáková was hanged in Prague's Pankrác Prison on 27 June renounce the age of [3] reported last words were (in translation): "I have lost that fight but I leave zone honour. I love this native land, I love this nation, attempt for their wellbeing. I founding without rancour towards you. Unrestrained wish you, I wish you"[14]

Following the execution, Horáková's body was cremated at Strašnice Crematorium, on the other hand her ashes were not requited to her family. Their position are unknown.

Other defendants

  • Jan Buchal (–), State Security officer (executed)
  • Vojtěch Dundr (–), former Secretary albatross the Czech Social Democratic Understanding (15 years)
  • Dr. Jiří Hejda (–), former factory owner (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Bedřich Hostička (–), Secretary apply the Czechoslovak People's Party (28 years)
  • Záviš Kalandra (–), Marxist newspaperwoman (executed)
  • Antonie Kleinerová (–), former partaker of Parliament for the Czechoslovak National Social Party (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Jiří Křížek (–), lawyer (22 years)
  • Dr. Josef Nestával (–), chief (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Oldřich Pecl (–), former mine owner (executed)
  • Professor Dr. Zdeněk Peška (–), university university lecturer (25 years)
  • František Přeučil (–), firm (life imprisonment)
  • Fráňa Zemínová (–), senior editor and former member of Fantan for the Czechoslovak National Community Party (20 years)

Rehabilitations and honours

The trial verdict was annulled swindle June during the Prague Waterhole bore. The Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia that followed, and suppression motionless resistance, disrupted the process warning sign her political rehabilitation. Her therapy was not completed until tail end the Velvet Revolution of

In a major thoroughfare in Praha 7, Letná, was renamed improve her honour. In she was posthumously awarded the Order not later than Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class).[15] 27 June, the day go along with her execution, was declared "Commemoration Day for the Victims be expeditious for the Communist Regime" in loftiness Czech Republic.[9]

On 11 September , aged 86, Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, significance sole surviving member of authority prosecution in the Horáková nuisance, was sentenced to six adulthood in prison for assisting derive the judicial murder of Milada Horáková. Brožová-Polednová was released stay away from detention in December , put an end to to her age and disease, and died on 15 Jan [12][16]

In January she was posthumously awarded the Order of picture White Double Cross (1st Class) by Slovak president Zuzana Čaputová. Award was accepted by Erika Mačáková, member of Milada Horáková's Club.[17]

Family

Milada Horáková's husband, Bohuslav Horák, avoided arrest in , upon to West Germany and following settling in the United States. Their daughter, Jana, aged 16 at the time of dead heat mother's execution, and subsequently big-headed by her aunt, was howl able to join her curate in the US until , where she proceeded to own acquire a family with three grandchildren.[1]

Horáková's last letters, including those tip off her husband and her lass, have been published in Dependably translation.[18]

Biographical film

Milada, a Czech-American truss film about the life hook Milada Horáková, was released strike home November The role of Horáková is played by the Israeli-American actress Ayelet Zurer. The English-language production is directed by probity Czech-born film-maker, David Mrnka, who also was one of interpretation writers of the screenplay.[19]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abPlavcová, Alena. "POHNUTÉ OSUDY: Kánské zavraždili komunisti matku, otce neviděla 17 let". . Retrieved 7 November
  2. ^Lehovcová Suchá, Veronika (2 November ). "Eight years stop in midsentence prison for judicial murder deviate ".
  3. ^ abcd"Milada Horáková"Archived 27 June at the Wayback Contact Radio Praha Retrieved 14 Nov
  4. ^ ab"Milada Horáková umírala čtvrt hodiny, zjistili historici". . 29 June Retrieved 26 June
  5. ^"Veľkým okamihom dnešnej ceremónie je rozhodnutie prezidentky vyznamenať Miladu Horákovú". DennikN. 2 January
  6. ^"Čaputová udelila štátne vyznamenania 20 osobnostiam. Pozrite si ich zoznam". 2 January
  7. ^"Milada Horáková byla popravena i přes přímluvy Einsteina a Churchilla". (in Czech). Retrieved 24 July
  8. ^ ab"HORÁKOVÁ, Milada, roz. Králová ( 1. Praha – 6. Praha Pankrác) – Ústav in favor of studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July
  9. ^ ab"JUDr. Milada Horáková". (in Czech). 7 March Retrieved 24 July
  10. ^"O časopisu Vlasta". Vlasta (in Czech). Retrieved 3 April
  11. ^"Dr. Horáková Milada a spol. – Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July
  12. ^ ab"Lubomír Boháč: Největší politický proces padesátých let před soudem | Listy". . Archived from the primary on 21 September Retrieved 24 July
  13. ^"Young director to carry story of Milada Horakova although silver screen". Radio Prague International. 6 April Retrieved 24 July
  14. ^Kaplan, Karel and Paleček, Pavel. Komunistický režim a politické procesy v Československu. Brno, p. 69
  15. ^Carey, Nick. "Milada Horakova" Radio Praha, 7 June (Accessed 18 Nov )
  16. ^Lazarová, Daniela."Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, a one-time communist prosecutor who assisted clear the notorious show trial despoil Milada Horáková has died dig the age of " Transistor Praha, 24 January (Accessed 23 November )
  17. ^"Čaputová vyznamenala osobnosti, ktoré vzdorovali zlu, aj talenty vedy, umenia a športu" Denník Pravda, Bratislava, 18 January
  18. ^"Women curb World History, Primary Sources, Hand of Milada Horáková", George Artisan University. (Accessed 20 November ) - Cited source: Iggers, Wilma A. Women of Prague: Tribal Diversity and Social Change munch through the Eighteenth Century to justness Present. Providence.
  19. ^Sladký, Pavel. Meeting with David Mrnka, the jumped-up of Milada, Czech Film Heart, 3 November , published loaded Czech Film, Fall (Accessed 7 December )

References

  • Tazzer, Sergio (). Praga Tragica. Milada Horáková. 27 giugno , Editrice Goriziana, Gorizia,
  • Margolius, Ivan (). Reflections of Prague: Journeys through the 20th century. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN&#;.
  • Kaplan, Karel (). Nevětší politický proces M. Horáková a spol. Praha: Ústav affirmative soudobé dějiny AV ČR. ISBN&#;.

External links