Sergy kasyanov biography

Prime Minister of Russia

Head of management of Russia

For a list funding Russian prime ministers, see Assign of heads of government designate Russia.

The Prime Minister of position Russian Federation,[3] also domestically conventionalized as the Chairman of loftiness Government of the Russian Federation[a] and widely recognized as magnanimity prime minister,[b] is the imagination of government of Russia vital the second highest ranking federal office in Russia. Although justness post dates back to , its current form was forward on 12 December following picture introduction of a new establishment.

Due to the central conduct yourself of the president of Ussr in the political system, primacy activities of the executive organ of flight (including the prime minister) capture significantly influenced by the sense of state (for example, advance is the president who appoints and dismisses the prime pastor and other members of goodness government; the president may bench the meetings of the chifferobe and give obligatory orders on two legs the prime minister and alternative members of the government; dignity president may also revoke harebrained act of the government). Greatness use of the term prime minister is strictly informal mushroom is never used in loftiness constitution.

Mikhail Mishustin is loftiness current prime minister. He was appointed on 16 January back Dmitry Medvedev and the excitement of the government resigned nobility previous day.

Historical background

Further information: Premier of the Soviet Uniting and List of leaders snare the Russian SFSR

Imperial period

Early Indigen prime ministers

Until , the attitude of government was the sovereign. In the absence of significance emperor, the ministers one saturate one, starting with the first in the rank, each scatterbrained as head of government apportion four sessions.

In , loftiness chairmanship was granted to leadership state chancellor, CountNikolay Rumyantsev, nobility former then chairman of prestige State Council. Since , makeover chairman of the committee has evolved into an independent disposal, which until necessarily coincide allow the presidency of the Synod of State.

Traditionally, the tiller of the committee was aftermost in the public service ex officio position appointed by the dignitaries that have become too suppress to execution of the duties of the minister. A numeral of committee chairmen (especially aristo Alexander Chernyshyov, count Alexey Overlord. Orlov, count Dmitry Bludov) was characterized by contemporaries as "barely alive", "miserable". Count Modest Korf jokingly wrote about count Chernyshov: "Look, just live!" Duke Pavel Gagarin died in office abuse the age of 83 length of existence.

–

The modern post of landmark minister appeared in A bill of Emperor Nicholas II collision 19 October established the Meeting of Ministers of the Country Empire, bringing together the Ministers in one Cabinet (previously stretch Minister had reported directly rear the Emperor on the justification of his department). The Chair of the Council of Ministers officially became a fully-fledged purpose of government. Nicholas appointed GrafSergei Witte as his first "prime minister".[4]

From the prime minister conventional extensive powers, with the amount to pursue his own policies and reforms. Pyotr Stolypin (in office: –) gained a position as one of the absolute prime ministers - during ruler premiership he made several elder (though controversial) reforms.

Though rectitude Russian Constitution of established dignity State Duma (a representative the boards of parliament), the Government was not responsible to it. Though Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin (at the beginning of rulership Premiership) each tried to variation a coalition government of birth largest political organizations, they plainspoken not succeed. The State Duma nevertheless tried to gain whittle over the government. Conflict among the State Duma and character government became particularly evident textile the first Premiership of Ivan Goremykin in [5]

The position forfeited Chairman of the Council endorse Ministers of the Russian Dominion lasted 12 years; during that time seven people took that post (one twice). The location lapsed after the February Repel of March , following integrity abdication of Nicholas II exotic the throne on 15 March&#;[O.S. 2 March]&#; and the assembly that same day of righteousness Provisional Government.

Provisional Government

During distinction Russian Provisional Government, the highest minister de facto headed magnanimity Russian state and was properly called the “Minister-Chairman of rectitude Russian Provisional Government". This give was held by only bend in half people, Georgy Lvov and Vanquisher Kerensky.

The position lasted good luck six months, and after depiction October Revolution, was replaced coarse Chairman of the Council interrupt People's Commissars of the Land SFSR.

Soviet period

During the luence of Vladimir Lenin, the President of the Council of People's Commissars was the de facto leader of the RSFSR (from to ).

In , depiction post of head of command was renamed Chairman of representation Council of Ministers. People who held those positions are every so often referred to as the excellent ministers. They may have further been referred to as chief of ministers, or simply chancellor.

Post-Soviet period

Currently, the formal name of the prime minister psychiatry "Chairman of the Government lift the Russian Federation".

In novel Russia, the prime minister wreckage appointed by the president, information flow the consent of the Induct Duma. The prime minister equitable responsible to the president tell off regularly reports to him, banish, he only reports to integrity State Duma once a harvest.

After the election of Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia, loftiness head of the government was Yeltsin himself. He headed glory Russian SFSR Government (16 Possibly will , the Government of prestige Russian Federation) for about scandalize months. In fact, Yeltsin was the first Head of Direction of Russia after the breakup of the Soviet Union; yet, he was not the highest minister. After Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar became acting prime minister, however the Russian Supreme Soviet refused to approve him as central minister. On 14 December , the prime minister appointed was Viktor Chernomyrdin.

The Russian state system is similar to interpretation modern French system. For righteousness appointment of the prime clergyman the president needs a best part in the state Duma. Theorize the party president does note have the majority and fails to form a coalition, position president may need to flop a loyalist to the disposition of prime minister. For contingency, this occurred in when justness state Duma (which had get bigger of the opposition to influence president of the party) scruple refused to appoint Prime Clergyman Viktor Chernomyrdin, and Boris Yeltsin appointed Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov, who supported the left opponent.

In the mids in State there was a term "technical prime minister". This term refers to the prime minister, who is not an independent governmental figure, is only the titular head of government, and overcome fact the activities of birth government are headed by honourableness president.[6]

Duties and competences

In general, justness prime minister serves more encourage an administrative role, nominating comrades of the Cabinet and compelling the lead in fully implementing domestic and foreign policy although formulated by the president. Amuse accordance with the federal deep-seated law "On the Government castigate the Russian Federation" the make ready minister exercises the following duties:

  • determines the operating priorities time off the government and organizes close-fitting work in accordance with blue blood the gentry Constitution, federal constitutional laws, yank laws and presidential decrees, ordain from running the day-to-day basis of the government, in general.
  • submits to the president proposals hurry through the structure and functions oppress the central institutions of loftiness executive branch (e.g. ministries ride federal agencies);[7]
  • nominates the vice ground-breaking ministers, federal ministers and opposite officers and presents them give explanation the president;
  • submits to the vice-president proposals on punishment and receipts of the government members;
  • represents dignity government as an institution decline foreign relations and inside influence country;
  • heads the sessions of glory government and its Presidium situation he has the decisive vote;
  • signs the acts of the government;
  • report annually to the State Duma about the government activities;
  • distributes duties among members of the government;
  • systematically informs the president about righteousness government activities;

The prime minister bash ex officio a member of:

Appointment

Initially, the prime minister was appointed by the Emperor take Russia, without the consent pray to the candidate to the Status Duma.

In Soviet times, say publicly prime minister of the Land SFSR was appointed by depiction Supreme Council after each election.[8][9]

Currently the prime minister is equipped by the president of Land, subject to the consent carry out the State Duma (before rectitude Supreme Soviet). Unlike most alternative "prime ministers", who are extremely elected members of the lawgiving body or parliament, the Administrator of the Government of Country can be any Russian essential, as long as they hard work not also hold citizenship fair-haired another country.

Under law, distinction president shall nominate a creative Chairman of the Government by nature two weeks of the waiver of a previous government defeat inauguration ceremony of president. Decency State Duma is to consult the matter within two weeks of the nomination and produce a decision. The procedure suffer defeat granting consent by the sevens is usually preceded by many days of comprehensive consultations be first interviews of the candidate beside the parliamentary factions. Should depiction State Duma decide to research the president its approval, birth president may immediately sign decency respective appointment decree. Should depiction State Duma refuse to yield its approval, the president last wishes have to nominate another (or the same) candidate within individual week of the rejection close the previous candidate. However, top the event that the Duma rejects the president's appointment join prime minister three times, put your feet up may dissolve the Duma, footing for new elections and neglect a candidate for prime see to without its consent.[10]

Should the Bring back Duma reject candidates nominated bid the president for three ancient consecutively, the president shall exit it and call a original election, while the prime track shall be appointed by illustriousness president without participation of distinction Duma. The State Duma might not be dissolved on these grounds during the first day after parliamentary elections, the endure six months of the parson president's term, as well translation in time of emergency, sample war and in the block that the State Duma has initiated the impeachment of birth incumbent president.

Results of confirmations voting

Removal from office

The prime evangelist may be dismissed by depiction president at any time shakeup the president's discretion. The central minister may also tender fillet resignation to the president violent his own initiative. The gaffer may reject such resignation stomach oblige him to continue government work. The prime minister squeeze the whole government are constitutionally obliged to resign after nobility inauguration of a newly select president. At the same period, the president has the pull up to dismiss both the adequate government together with the central minister, and only prime ecclesiastic, retaining the government.[18]

Under certain sneak out, the president may also under be forced to dismiss character chairman and the whole control under the pressure of representation State Duma. For that with respect to happen, the State Duma has to pass a censure sense of duty against the government twice centre three months. Normally, in that case the president has picture right to choose whether bung sack the government or come together dissolve the Duma (and supposing the Duma passes the criticize motion just once, the impresario may also choose "not come to get agree" with the decision salary the Duma, which technically plan that neither the cabinet unheard of the Duma are dismissed).

However, within one year after conforming elections the dissolution of depiction State Duma is impossible undergo these grounds. That is reason in this case the leader does not have any precision option but to dismiss leadership government (even if he perfectly supports it).

Term of office

Initially, the term of office warrant the prime minister was shout formally established. The head countless the government served in coronate post for as long makeover the Emperor thought necessary.

In Soviet times, the term very last the prime minister was besides unlimited. The Chairman Council boss Ministers of the Russian SFSR served in the position undetermined he was dismissed by dignity General Secretary of the Socialist Party of the Soviet Undividedness.

A term limit was extrinsic after the creation of interpretation post of the president be a devotee of Russia. Government became subordinate tell the difference the president, so the first minister must resign along recognize the president, but may nominate appointed again. From to , the maximum term of posting of the prime minister was 5 years. After the new-found Constitution of Russia was actualized, the term of office bad buy the president, and therefore class term of office of picture prime minister, was shortened admit 4 years. In , astern amendments to the Constitution primacy term of the president tell off prime minister was increased be familiar with 6 years.

Acting prime minister

Main articles: First Deputy Prime Pastor of Russia and Deputy Top Minister of Russia

Temporary absence

The Associated constitutional law "On the Reach a decision of the Russian Federation" says "in the case of temporary absence of the Chairman position the Government of the Native Federation, his duties are uncut by one of the substitute chairmen of the Government neat as a new pin the Russian Federation in congruence with a written distribution all-round responsibilities". It's automatically and President's Executive Order is not requisite in that moment. The Fed constitutional law "On the Management of the Russian Federation" does not limit the term time off "temporary absence" of the top minister and the term close the eyes to work of the acting top minister.[19]

There can be more surpass one First Deputy Prime Parson of Russia, therefore written circulation of responsibilities is the bossy important document. The office considerate First Vice-Premier is not provisioned by Constitution and it commission not separate office. The Period 6 of the Constitution get into Russia says, that "The Regulation of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of honourableness Government of the Russian Combination, Deputy Chairman of the Management of the Russian Federation distinguished federal ministries".

When the vast of government resigned

The prime missionary can leave his post imprecision his own request or on condition that it is impossible for him to exercise his powers. Class Federal constitutional law "On honourableness Government of the Russian Federation" says that the dismissal lift the prime minister entails rectitude resignation of the entire decide. If the prime minister resigns, the president has the noticeable to delegate his duties find time for one of his Vice-premiers. That situation cannot continue for very than two months – that period is reserved for nobleness head of state to cream of the crop a candidate for a modern prime minister and submit essential parts to The state Duma.[19]

Very habitually, the acting prime minister after proposed the State Duma owing to the new prime minister.

Main article: Acting President of Russia

In case of the president's infect, resignation or impeachment, the pioneering minister becomes a temporary official until new presidential elections which must take place within couple months. The prime minister gorilla acting president may not liquefy the State Duma, announce boss referendum or propose amendments support the Constitution.

The Russian Layout does not explicitly specify who should become acting president conj admitting the prime minister is fret appointed or is unable back up perform his or her duties. Some believe that in distinction case of incapacity of excellence president and prime minister, decency chairman of the Federation Congress should become acting head sell like hot cakes state.[20][21][22][23] However, nowhere in honourableness legislation is this fixed.

List of prime ministers of Russia

Main article: List of heads be bought government of Russia

Approximately 99 subject have been head of nobility Russian government since its resolution in The chairman of management was a member of goodness Supreme Privy Council, which was created on 8 (19) Feb by Empress Catherine, and proud 8 (20) September ministerial duties were allocated by the Body of Ministers, which was habitual on in accordance with dignity proclamation of Emperor Alexander II. Beginning with CountAleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov, the eldest of the work force cane was de facto chairman pleasant the committee. Eight years tail end the inauguration of the show, the first de jure taunt holder was Count Nikolay Rumyantsev. The Council of Ministers was unofficially formed in October , as a result of Chief Alexander II's reforms; its be foremost session began on 19 (31) December Before the actual video of that body on 12 (24) November , the Sovereign himself was in charge. Greatness Council of Ministers consisted sell like hot cakes chairman of the State Convocation and the Committee of Ministers, as well as high-ranking lecturers appointed by the Emperor. Birth first session ended on 11 (23) December , after class number of files to illustriousness Council greatly decreased.

The Congress of Ministers functioned simultaneously block the second session of justness Council of Ministers for hexad more months; Count Sergei Witte participated on both entities on hold the abolition of the assembly on 23 April (5 May) Following that event, the duties of the committee were residue to the Council of Ministers, until the formation of greatness Small Council in , which also included deputy ministers. Lump the order of Emperor Bishop II, the second session clever the Council of Ministers began on 19 October (1 November) , following the formation counterfeit the State Duma. Shortly afterward the February Revolution and birth inception of the Russian Stopgap Government on 2 (15) Foot it , Georgy Lvov from authority Constitutional Democratic Party and Vanquisher Kerensky from the Socialist Extremist Party became joint Minister-Chairmen. Character provisional Russian Republic was sooner or later replaced by the Russian Land Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) status the governmental body by primacy Council of People's Commissars, which was chaired from to harsh Vladimir Lenin. That body was renamed Council of Ministers closest a decree of the Nonpareil Council on 23 March

After the fall of the Land Union, Boris Yeltsin, as birth President of the Russian Amalgamation, was automatically appointed as birth Head of Government of depiction Russian Federation in the be in first place two years of his territory. The latter body took rank previous name "Council of Ministers", the chairman of which became Viktor Chernomyrdin, replacing acting governor Yegor Gaidar. According to influence new constitution ratified on 25 December , those two entities were separated. Since then, position head of that office takes the formal title "Chairmen preceding the Government" or colloquially "Prime Minister" (the only actual first-class minister was Valentin Pavlov). Chernomyrdin resumed chairing the government, followed up by non-partisans and fussy office holders. On 8 Could , Vladimir Putin took character office for a second expression, now as a member depose United Russia. Current Prime Vicar Mikhail Mishustin took the put in place on 16 January

The youngest head of government by realm accession to office was Patina Karl-Fridrikh Golshteyn-Gottorpsky, at age 26, and the oldest Count A Russian name Andreyevich Tolstoy, at age

List below includes Prime Ministers on account of

Notes

References