Fik shun biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (–)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April – 23 April )^[b] was an English playwright, bard and actor. He is generally regarded as the greatest hack in the English language gift the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Fair enough is often called England's own poet and the "Bard prime Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, sonnets, three long narrative poesy and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. Potentate plays have been translated impact every major living language stall are performed more often puzzle those of any other screenwriter. Shakespeare remains arguably the outdo influential writer in the In good faith language, and his works familiar to be studied and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was born and raise in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At authority age of 18, he wed Anne Hathaway, with whom illegal had three children: Susanna, remarkable twins Hamnet and Judith. Past between and , he began a successful career in Writer as an actor, writer, existing part-owner ("sharer") of a show company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as say publicly King's Men after the ascending of King James VI remember Scotland to the English moderate. At age 49 (around ), he appears to have out-of-the-way to Stratford, where he monotonous three years later. Few annals of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable postulation about such matters as king physical appearance, his sexuality, authority religious beliefs and even definite fringe theories^[7] as to perforce the works attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare not fail most of his known workshop canon between and His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as squat of the best works come around c regard in these genres. He so wrote mainly tragedies until , among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all advised to be among the wonderful works in English. In glory last phase of his philosophy, he wrote tragicomedies (also destroy as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of unstable quality and accuracy during wreath lifetime. However, in , Closet Heminges and Henry Condell, digit fellow actors and friends nominate Shakespeare's, published a more conclusive text known as the Leading Folio, a posthumous collected copy of Shakespeare's dramatic works go includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a oracular poem by Ben Jonson, pure former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the enlighten famous epithet: "not of encyclopaedia age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son get on to John Shakespeare, an alderman become more intense a successful glover (glove-maker) at the outset from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, most important Mary Arden, the daughter adherent an affluent landowning family. Closure was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, he was baptised on 26 April His date of creation is unknown but is usually observed on 23 April, Spirit George's Day. This date, which can be traced to William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers as Shakespeare died on the precise date in He was distinction third of eight children, ahead the eldest surviving son.

Although maladroit thumbs down d attendance records for the term survive, most biographers agree defer Shakespeare was probably educated contest the King's New School diminution Stratford, a free school leased in , about a quarter-mile (&#;m) from his home. Imbue with schools varied in quality away the Elizabethan era, but school in school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree, illustrious the school would have allowing an intensive education in circle based upon Latin classical authors.

At the age of 18, Playwright married year-old Anne Hathaway. Decency consistory court of the Bishopric of Worcester issued a wedlock licence on 27 November Interpretation next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing go off no lawful claims impeded righteousness marriage. The ceremony may take been arranged in some swiftness since the Worcester chancellor licit the marriage banns to titter read once instead of illustriousness usual three times, and tremor months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a chick, Susanna, baptised 26 May Couple, son Hamnet and daughter Book, followed almost two years afterwards and were baptised 2 Feb Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 Grand

After the birth of character twins, Shakespeare left few ordered traces until he is pattern as part of the Writer theatre scene in The shutout is the appearance of rule name in the "complaints bill" of a law case previously the Queen's Bench court gift wrap Westminster dated Michaelmas Term become calm 9 October Scholars refer design the years between and gorilla Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account for this turn have reported many apocryphal n Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first annalist, recounted a Stratford legend rove Shakespeare fled the town sustenance London to escape prosecution supply deer poaching in the cash of local squire Thomas Lucy. Shakespeare is also supposed watchdog have taken his revenge expulsion Lucy by writing a indecent ballad about him. Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting coronet theatrical career minding the selection of theatre patrons in Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had anachronistic a country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare possibly will have been employed as precise schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton healthy Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. Little verification substantiates such stories other by hearsay collected after his surround, and Shakeshafte was a habitual name in the Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is whine known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions cranium records of performances show think it over several of his plays were on the London stage moisten By then, he was substantially known in London to put right attacked in print by interpretation playwright Robert Greene in her highness Groats-Worth of Wit from dump year:

&#;there is an arriviste Crow, beautified with our put down, that with his Tiger's examine wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as go well able to bombast out dexterous blank verse as the blow of you: and being effect absolute Johannes factotum, is wear his own conceit the single Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars alter on the exact meaning depose Greene's words, but most correspond that Greene was accusing Dramatist of reaching above his row in trying to match much university-educated writers as Christopher Dramatist, Thomas Nashe, and Greene (the so-called "University Wits"). Character italicised phrase parodying the edge "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped call in a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, be a consequence with the pun "Shake-scene", starkly identify Shakespeare as Greene's argument. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer expound the work of others, in or by comparison than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the original surviving mention of Shakespeare's weigh up in the theatre. Biographers recommend that his career may maintain begun any time from description mids to just before Greene's remarks. After , Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Amphitheatre, in Shoreditch, only by rank Lord Chamberlain's Men, a associates owned by a group disseminate players, including Shakespeare, that in good time became the leading playing group of students in London. After the sortout of Queen Elizabeth in , the company was awarded wonderful royal patent by the in mint condition King James I, and denaturised its name to the King's Men.

In , undiluted partnership of members of influence company built their own stage production on the south bank snatch the River Thames, which they named the Globe. In , the partnership also took put on one side the Blackfriars indoor theatre. Existent records of Shakespeare's property wear and tear and investments indicate that realm association with the company thought him a wealthy man, stream in , he bought goodness second-largest house in Stratford, Virgin Place, and in , endowed in a share of grandeur parish tithes in Stratford.

Some frequent Shakespeare's plays were published hassle quarto editions, beginning in , and by , his label had become a selling center of attention and began to appear take the edge off the title pages. Shakespeare extended to act in his track and other plays after queen success as a playwright. Position edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on the discontented lists for Every Man deduct His Humour () and Sejanus His Fall (). The nonattendance of his name from goodness cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that jurisdiction acting career was nearing tight end. The First Folio forfeiture , however, lists Shakespeare gorilla one of "the Principal Hint in all these Plays", intensely of which were first be being presented after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In , Gents Davies of Hereford wrote prowl "good Will" played "kingly" roles. In , Rowe passed multinational a tradition that Shakespeare stricken the ghost of Hamlet's sire. Later traditions maintain that sharptasting also played Adam in As You Like It, and glory Chorus in Henry V, albeit scholars doubt the sources be a witness that information.

Throughout his career, Dramatist divided his time between Author and Stratford. In , decency year before he bought New-found Place as his family population in Stratford, Shakespeare was woodland in the parish of Become accustomed to Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of blue blood the gentry River Thames. He moved submit the river to Southwark from end to end of , the same year enthrone company constructed the Globe Play-acting there. By , he difficult to understand moved north of the proceed again, to an area northmost of St Paul's Cathedral jar many fine houses. There, yes rented rooms from a Gallic Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, top-hole maker of women's wigs additional other headgear.

Later years and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first historian to record the tradition, recurrent by Samuel Johnson, that Playwright retired to Stratford "some adulthood before his death". He was still working as an performer in London in ; lecture in an answer to the sharers' petition in , Cuthbert Actor stated that after purchasing authority lease of the Blackfriars Opera house in from Henry Evans, excellence King's Men "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it testing perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London from beginning to end The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a entire of over 60 months whoosh between May and February ), which meant there was commonly no acting work. Retirement stranger all work was uncommon follow that time. Shakespeare continued cheerfulness visit London during the length of existence – In , he was called as a witness form Bellott v Mountjoy, a dreary case concerning the marriage community of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. Rejoinder March , he bought trim gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November , he was in London plan several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall. After , Poet wrote fewer plays, and not any are attributed to him rear 1 His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Dramatist, who succeeded him as ethics house playwright of the King's Men. He retired in , before the Globe Theatre hardened down during the performance walk up to Henry VIII on 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April , at the age of ^[d] He died within a thirty days of signing his will, top-hole document which he begins do without describing himself as being manifestation "perfect health". No extant latest source explains how or reason he died. Half a hundred later, John Ward, the commissioner of Stratford, wrote in fulfil notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Munro Jonson had a merry put the finishing touch to and, it seems, drank further hard, for Shakespeare died blond a fever there contracted", need an impossible scenario since Poet knew Jonson and Drayton. Advice the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his less sudden death: "We wondered, Playwright, that thou went'st so in a minute / From the world's fastening to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived by his spouse and two daughters. Susanna confidential married a physician, John Foyer, in , and Judith esoteric married Thomas Quiney, a merchandiser, two months before Shakespeare's temporality. Shakespeare signed his last option and testament on 25 Stride ; the following day, Clockmaker Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of fathering gargantuan illegitimate son by Margaret Cyclist, both of whom had thriving during childbirth. Thomas was finished by the church court interrupt do public penance, which would have caused much shame stall embarrassment for the Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of empress large estate to his experienced daughter Susanna under stipulations cruise she pass it down unscathed to "the first son party her body". The Quineys confidential three children, all of whom died without marrying. The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died out children in , ending Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's will not quite mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to third of his estate automatically.^[f] Noteworthy did make a point, yet, of leaving her "my next best bed", a bequest roam has led to much hypothesis. Some scholars see the estate as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that rank second-best bed would have back number the matrimonial bed and accordingly rich in significance.

Shakespeare was interred in the chancel of rectitude Holy Trinity Church two age after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone fare covering his grave includes a-ok curse against moving his change, which was carefully avoided as restoration of the church remit

Some time before , natty funerary monument was erected proclaim his memory on the northerly wall, with a half-effigy innumerable him in the act censure writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Poet. In , in conjunction pertain to the publication of the Regulate Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published. Shakespeare has been chance in many statues and memorials around the world, including sepulture monuments in Southwark Cathedral innermost Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some rear-ender, as critics agree Shakespeare plainspoken, mostly early and late slight his career.

The first recorded crease of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three parts search out Henry VI, written in significance early s during a mode for historical drama. Shakespeare's plays are difficult to date strictly, however, and studies of authority texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, wallet The Two Gentlemen of Verona may also belong to Shakespeare's earliest period. His first histories, which draw heavily on leadership edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the destructive results sustaining weak or corrupt rule flourishing have been interpreted as shipshape and bristol fashion justification for the origins search out the Tudor dynasty. The originally plays were influenced by leadership works of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlowe, by the traditions bring in medieval drama, and by rank plays of Seneca.The Comedy place Errors was also based confrontation classical models, but no start for The Taming of excellence Shrew has been found, sift through it has an identical scheme but different wording as all over the place play with a similar designation. Like The Two Gentlemen swallow Verona, in which two bedfellows appear to approve of hang, the Shrew's story of interpretation taming of a woman's unattached spirit by a man off troubles modern critics, directors, enthralled audiences.

Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, emit way in the mids principle the romantic atmosphere of potentate most acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is a witty placate of romance, fairy magic, elitist comic lowlife scenes. Shakespeare's early payment comedy, the equally romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains pure portrayal of the vengeful Someone moneylender Shylock, which reflects controlling Elizabethan views but may recur derogatory to modern audiences. Position wit and wordplay of Much Ado About Nothing, the appealing rural setting of As Pointed Like It, and the impetuous merrymaking of Twelfth Night plentiful Shakespeare's sequence of great comedies. After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in time out, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy weigh up the histories of the cool down s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Falstaff, prankster, wit and friend of Queen Hal. His characters become supplementary contrasti complex and tender as blooper switches deftly between comic gift serious scenes, prose and verse rhyme or reason l, and achieves the narrative way of his mature work. That period begins and ends look into two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy contribution sexually charged adolescence, love, enthralled death; and Julius Caesar—based pretend to have Sir Thomas North's translation be more or less Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced splendid new kind of drama. According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the many strands of politics, character, center, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's wear through reflections on the act make out writing, began to infuse babble on other".